Stop riverbeds from forming plateaus under sea. Minor corrections to
random lava/water placement.

Tunnel 3D noises are only calculated when solid terrain is present
in mapchunk, avoiding large amounts of unnecessary calculations
Change 'int' to 's16' in calculateNoise
Change 'i' to 'vi' for voxelmanip indexes for consistency
Keep 'u32 index3d' local to a smaller part of tunnel code
Mgv7: Don't call CaveV7 if no solid terrain in mapchunk
Give 'open' bool a more descriptive name

Replace simple caves with V5 caves, adding unpredictable water and lava
settings and massive caves based on subterrain. Remove fast terrain mode
and accompanying settings. Remove superfluous temperature/humidity
settings. Remove lava/water height setting. Fix errors in humidity
handling and remove humidity_break_point setting. Move cave noises to
generateCaves. Fix minor formatting/naming issues and use
MYMAX/MYMIN/myround.

Non const references cause a lot of confusion with behaviour of code,
and are disallowed by minetest style guide.

I could honestly not make much sense of the timer implementation
that was here. Instead I've implemented the type of timer algorithm
that I've used before, and tested it instead.

The concept is extremely simple: all timers are put in an ordered
list. We check every server tick if any of the timers have
elapsed, and execute the function associated with this timer.

We know that many timers by themselves cause new timers to be
added to this list, so we iterate *backwards* over the timer
list. This means that new timers being added while timers are
being executed, can never be executed in the same function pass,
as they are always appended to the table *after* the end of
the table, which we will never reach in the current pass over
all the table elements.

We switch time keeping to minetest.get_us_time(). dtime is
likely unreliable and we have our own high-res timer that we
can fix if it is indeed broken. This removes the need to do
any sort of time keeping.

clock_gettime() is a far better clock than gettimeofday().

Even better than clock_gettime() is that you can select either
CLOCK_MONOTONIC, or even CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW. These clocks offer
high precision time. And the _RAW variant will never roll back
due to NTP drift or daylight savings, or otherwise.

I've adjusted this code to select the right clock method auto-
matically based on what's available in the OS. This means that
if you're running a very old linux version, MacOS or other,
you will automatically get the best clocksource available.

I've tested all Linux clocksources by selectively compiling and
running a 10k+ timer test suite. In all cases I confirmed that
the 3 POSIX Linux clocksources worked properly, and were
selected properly.

I've modified the OS X compile path to use the high-res clock
source for all time functions, but I can't confirm it works or
that it compiles.

As for WIN32, I confirmed that the used clocksource is indeed
a Monotonic clocksource, so good news: that code section appears
to be exactly what it should be.

`errorstream` must not be overly verbose as clientside it is directly printed
onto the ingame chat window. These days, the serverlist can contain > 200k bytes,
so better print it to warningstream if the data buffer is too long.

Currently translated at 52.0% (410 of 787 strings)

Currently translated at 32.4% (255 of 787 strings)

Currently translated at 95.5% (752 of 787 strings)

Currently translated at 41.6% (328 of 787 strings)

Currently translated at 26.6% (210 of 787 strings)

Currently translated at 23.6% (186 of 787 strings)

Currently translated at 43.4% (342 of 787 strings)

Currently translated at 42.0% (331 of 787 strings)

Currently translated at 30.1% (237 of 787 strings)

Currently translated at 34.8% (274 of 787 strings)

Outdated servers are always sending tiledefs with culling
enabled no matter what, as the value was previously entirely
ignored.

To compensate, we must (1) detect that we're running against
an old server with a new client, and (2) disable culling for
mesh, plantlike, firelike and liquid draw types no matter what
the server is telling us.

In order to achieve this, we need to bump the protocol version
since we cannot rely on the tiledef version, and test for it
being older. I've bumped the protocol version, although that
should have likely happened in the actual change that introduced
the new backface_culling PR #3578. Fortunately that's only 2
commits back at this point.

We also explicitly test for the drawtype to assure we are not
changing the culling value for other nodes, where it should
remain enabled.

This was tested against various pub servers, including 0.4.13 and
0.4.12.

Fixes #3598

Previous commits broke it... :(

Backface culling is enabled by default for all tiles, as this
is how the lua parser initializes each tiledef. We revert to
always using the value from the tiledef since it is always
read and serialized.

Mods that wish to enable culling for e.g. mesh nodes, now can
specify the following to enable backface culling:

    tiles = {{ name = "tex.png", backface_culling = true }},

Note the double '{' and use of 'name' key here! In the same
fashion, backface_culling can be disabled for any node now.

I've tested this against the new door models and this properly
allows me to disable culling per node. I've also tested this
against my crops mod which uses mesh nodes where culling needs
to be disabled, and tested also with plantlike drawtype nodes
where we want this to continue to be disabled.

No default setting has changed. The defaults are just migrated
from nodedef.cpp to c_content.cpp.

corrected this bit reflect the function properly.

The save button is now fully functional again when an error message
is shown.

After an invalid value is entered in the settings tab dialog, the GUI
label for the error message that is shown was partly overlapping the
'save' button, so that the top half of the button could not be clicked
on.

fixes minetest/minetest_game#786

cloneMesh() has to use a switch in order to create a different
mesh buffer type depending on vertex type. (Credit: the new cloneMesh
was written by RealBadAngel.)

To avoid repetitive code, all other methods use getVertexPitchFromType()
to automatically adapt the indexing to the vertex type at runtime.

Lua_api.txt: Document 'minetest.registered_biomes'
Minimal: Remove 'mapgen_air' alias
Cavegen: Add fallback node for 'mapgen_ice'
Dungeongen: Add fallback node for 'mapgen_river_water_source'
Mgv5: Remove unnecessary '#include util/directiontables.h'
Add missing 'this->'s in makeChunk()
Mgv6: Edit empty line formatting
Remove leading spaces in makeChunk()
Add missing spaces after 'for' and 'if'
Mgv7: Edit empty line formatting